Learning Styles And Its Impact On Students Essay - 1449 Words

At the beginning of this assignment I was completely sold on the idea of learning styles and that they were the â€Å"norm†. After further research I have found that learning styles may not work, yet the current research literature is full of papers which advocate their use. The contrary is that learning style segregation can undermine education as a research field and can likely have a negative impact on students. It is in everyone’s interests for educational research and resources – time, money, effort, to be directed toward those educational interventions which demonstrably improve student learning, and away from those which do not. Research on Learning styles or the myth within need to be a priority, students are slipping through the cracks and we need to figure out why. How do we learn? â€Å"Learning styles† describe the way people process incoming information. There are several schools of thought pertaining to â€Å"learning styles†. According to Geake,2008, there are three learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinestitc. While most people use a combination of â€Å"learning styles†, they generally have one or two styles that are dominant. With this belief, a student will be better able to focus his studying on techniques that increase learning efficiency however, when a student has identified their weaknesses, they think they can create strategies to succeed in situations where the instructor’s teaching style doesn’t match preferred learning style. According to Doctoranddad.comShow MoreRelatedThe Classroom Learning Theories And Models1454 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity to influence learning for children and adults in the classroom learning theories and models are used to tactfully engage the participants. The learning theories implemented are similar for both school aged children and adults. Regardless of the age of the student that is involved in learning, the system used to accomplish the learning is associated with seeing, hearing, listening, and some instances hands- on practice. Therefore, children that are learning new concepts are very similarRead MoreBrain-Based Learning1660 Words   |  7 PagesBrain-Compatible Learning Environments Jamilyn Hogan PSY 370: Learning and the Brain Lynsey Ulibarri July 18, 2011 Every student learns at his or her own level. When a teacher puts herself in front of a classroom she or he should consider all the different learning styles in the classroom, and should plan lessons to fit needs of different students. With brain-based learning (BBL) considered, a teacher can make lessons around different types of learners and therefore every student can be touchedRead MorePersonal Learning Style At School966 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are different in their own way. Just as people are different, their styles of learning are different in a way in which affects the way they learn and determines whether they can succeed. Every person finds out what learning style they adept well to as it helps them achieve things much easier. Some students prefer to study at night before they go to bed. On the other hand, some students are more able to preserve more information if they study first thing in the morning, some people prefer toRead MoreAnxiety And Classroom Dynamics ( National Institute Of Mental Health1539 Words   |  7 Pages (National Institute of Mental Health). Many college students suffer from anxiety stemming from a range of classroom dynamics, from teaching styles to a student’s studying habits and lack of confidence can affect a student. Anxiety doesn’t always impact a student’s learning capacity, though it may hinder the process of grasping new concepts. Many educators find themselves adjusting their teaching styles, to maximize their students’ learning capabilities. Professors understand the stress and anxietyRead MoreHow a Students Learning Style can Relate to Academic Achievement801 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyse learning styles and recognise how these different learning styles could successfully support students’ successes in the different academic environments. Burden (1994) observes that there are a number of factors generates the differences of learning styles which significantly influence the learners’ results in varied academic environments. This essay will discuss these different learning approaches and how some of their effects could positively influence students’ resultsRead MoreStudent Motivation And Academic Success1568 Words   |  7 Pagesacademic success of a student in college – motivation, learning preferences/styles, socioeconomic status, whether or not the student is a first generation college student, gender, and even race. With so many factors potentially contributing or hindering a student’s academic success in college; it is important for teachers to attempt to connect with students in the classroom. Adjusting instructional methods that focus on students’ learning preferences/styles can increase student motivation and can leadRead MoreCognitive Styles And Their Impact On Learning1145 Words   |  5 Pagesthan to just know†. The debate over cognitive styles and their impact on learning has been prevalent for over 50 years and is still being researched today. Cognitive styles, also referred to as learning styles, can be defined as â€Å"information processing habits† ( Kollofel, 2012) and are believed to be much like traits of personality in that they remain stable and unchanged over time (Klitmoller, 2015). There are three different types of learning styles including visual, auditory/verbal, and kinestheticRead MoreHow The Group Can Be Formed For Group Work1422 Words   |  6 Pagesneed to be aware, prior to the start of a lesson, how the students will be grouped. When choosing how to form the groups for a certain activity teachers need to take into account whether they will group according to ability, interests, friendships, age and also what number per group or if it is a whole class group activity (Whitton et al., 2016). Planning how each group will be formed is critical for a smooth lesson and for maximum learning for the class. 2. Management of groups – Managing eachRead MoreThe Effects Of Learning Styles, Visual, Aural And Kinesthetic Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Learning Styles As Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.† Throughout the years many have studied how people learn. Knowing this, there are different types of learning. There are three types of learning styles, Visual, Aural and Kinesthetic according to The Twin Cycle Experimental Learning Model: Reconceptulizing Kolb’s Theory. (Avery, Gayle and Bergstiener, Herald. 2014). The observations done in the articles have provedRead MoreDiversity in the Classroom1546 Words   |  7 Pagesiverse learning profiles in the class roomDiverse Learning Profiles in the Classroom By Phillip Anton INTRODUCTION Teachers are faced with the challenge of students bringing with them, vastly different experiences, cultures, interests and abilities. These characteristics can have a great impact on how students learn. Teaching to such a diverse group requires teachers to be more flexible and place a greater emphasis on the individual. Through the aid of variety and choice, teachers can differentiate

Beowulf Papers - 850 Words

Beowulf Papers A hero is a man of courage and ability who is admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities. A hero is a person who does not come along very often in any time period. He is a special person, who is a step above the average person in the way that he handles any situation that may arise. This statement is very true for the time of Anglo-Saxon culture and literature. A hero was like a god and was put on a pedestal far above the others. A hero brought peace to situations that were deemed impossible and brought joy to many people. In the poem Beowulf, there is a great example of what a hero is about in this time. Beowulf is the great warrior of the Geats and he will do anything necessary to keep peace and to†¦show more content†¦This is a tribute to Beowulfs special strength and ability. While the head is one of several items he carries up, four of them had trouble carrying Grendels head on spear-shafts to the goldhall (Norton, 48). What others deem impossible, a hero makes possible. There are only a few great heroes that come about in this time and Beowulf is definitely one of them. He is a great warrior and leader, a perfect description for him. Heroes only came along once in a while in this culture but it was well known when they did. Kenning Identification In poetry, there is often the use of many words that may seem a bit strange to the average reader. These words are often more complex than what is actually meant, but are used to enhance the reading and make it more enjoyable to the reader. Other words would make the poem less smooth, and that is why such complexity arises. These words shape a type of metaphor, which is referred to as a kenning. A kenning is a metaphorical circumlocution, signifying a person or thing by a characteristic or quality (Skill, 10). It is used quite often in Anglo Saxon poetry and is used to great length in Beowulf. The language of Beowulf has use of four-beat alliterative line and this allows the use of a variety of kennings. The use of kennings had such an effect on poetry that many phrases often became cliches. For example, there are many kenningsShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Research Paper991 Words   |  4 PagesIm doing my three page research paper over Beowulf, the story of a warrior from ancient times when monsters, goblins, and demons still plagued the Earth that we live on still today. Beowulf was a tall tale told for many, years to children before they fell asleep at night. Its a story that has been around from 720-796 a.d. And hasnt gotten old yet, because it inspires people and tells people what real hero’ s are capable of and what theyre made of and the limits they can surpass all on their ownRead MoreBeowulf: Christian vs Pagan Influence Term Paper1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe European epic, Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century in England. This time period provides us with an idea for the mixture of Christian and pagan elements because of an English society that was in the process of converting from Paganism to Christianity. Examples of Pagan and Christian traditions are presented all throughout literature. Many of the influences deal with what it going on in the world, when the piece is written. When Beowulf was written, St. Augustine had just comeRead MoreBeowulf Character Analysis999 Words   |  4 Pagesflaws and personality. Then, say that Beowulf, a poem about a man who is as deep as a sheet of paper, is a masterpiece. While the poem Beowulf is one of the most important and influential pieces of literature in the world, Beowulf himself is a poorly written character when compared to characters of today’s standards. Beowulf is originally a Scandinavian story from a period before written records. It recounts the adventures of the brave and honorable Beowulf as he kills various monsters. Though, toRead MoreFemale Characters in Beowulf Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesComparison between Female Characters in Beowulf Beowulf, the Old English epic tells the story of one brave hero and his battles against evil monsters. The poem deals with mostly masculine elements like fight descriptions, depictions of armor and long inspiring speeches. However, the women characters in the epic also have important roles and they are far from being superficial, as it may seem at first. There are several female figures in Beowulf; this paper will focus on three of them- queen WealhtheowRead MoreBeowulf Essay : Beowulf 1473 Words   |  6 PagesHyunsu (John) Kim Prof. Hohl ENG2800 November 10, 2016 Beowulf Paper II The poem, Beowulf, explores its protagonist’s—Beowulf’s—heroism through a series of three increasingly difficult conflicts with Grendel; Grendel’s mother; and the dragon—, each of which exemplifies an aspect of the Anglo-Saxon heroic code. Beowulf’s first encounter with Grendel demonstrates the importance of reputation as a means of establishing one’s legacy, even beyond death; Beowulf’s triumph over the seemingly indomitableRead MoreEssay on Monsters and Men in Macbeth, Beowulf, Frankstien1179 Words   |  5 Pages Monsters and Men (Unit Paper) For ages, we have wondered what is the difference between monsters and men that make them who they are. What are the characteristics that define a monster? Typically it’s the bad guy, the person or thing that comes into the story just to cause massacre or stand in the protagonist’s way. On the other Men are just defined as people who are the opposite of evil. There can be multiple people in a story who can be characterized asRead MoreRethinking Gender And Space On Old English Literature877 Words   |  4 PagesGender and Space in Old English Literature Beowulf and The Wife’s Lament are written between 100 and 1600 centuries. There has been different interpretation of the poems, some, an attempt to fit the events in the poems into the 21st century which has led to distortions and misrepresentation especially of the female characters and their representation in these poems. According to Shari Horner, twentieth century critics have tried to read women in Beowulf particularly as garrulous, weak, and dispassionateRead MoreEssay on The Religious Context of Beowulf629 Words   |  3 Pagesspeculation over the religious context of the poem Beowulf. Many believe that Beowulf was written to be strictly a Pagan tale, yet some insist that there is a subtle but definite theme of Christianity that outlines the poem. Although it is tough to decipher the actual intensions of religious outlook in Beowulf, (not having discovered the true author) it is safe to conclude that both Pagan and Christian components are established within the text . Beowulf was originally thought of as a Pagan tale whichRead MoreThe Religious Themes Of The Epic Of Beowulf1485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Beowulf, two types of religion are portrayed by one unknown author, and play an important role in the interpretation of the epic poem. Paganism is one of the religions that are portrayed in the epic, and it is speculated that before it was written and recorded that the work was actually focused around a Pagan belief system before the Christian coloring and allusions were added. Christianity is the second religion being portrayed in this Epic Poem. It is theorized that a monk was the one that addedRead MoreEssay On Shakespeare s Beowulf 1346 Words   |  6 PagesHaddijatou Konateh Beowulf paper Dr. Murray ENGL 2111 October 19th, 2015 Role of Women in Beowulf Beowulf was an epic written more than twelve hundred years ago. Women characters are presented, and every woman has one-of-a-kind attributes. The women in Beowulf are depicted as hard working people, each of whom has a role within the poem. Throughout the epic, distinctive women do things such as serve mead, give speeches, and take care of the mead-hall. This shows how important women were to this culture

International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication

Question: Discuss about the International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Answer: Introduction The art of negotiation refers to the process wherein parties enter into a beneficial agreement and outcome for an existing conflict(Goltsman, 2009). Through negotiation both the parties can be benefitted or either of the parties; depends upon the strategies involved in negotiation. It is a system that includes resolving differences amongst the aggrieved parties such that outcomes of such can satisfy the needs of agreement. Trust in negotiation has an integral role to play. It helps to consider the effectiveness of such negotiated contracts and determine success of many negotiations. Negotiations are not final and often involve parties to cooperate and abide by terms of contracts such as to improvise and meet final goals of the contract(Rubin, 2013). Negotiation forms an integral role in everyday lives and conducted without knowledge of being its presence. Negotiation occurs in organizations, businesses, between governments, sales, legal proceedings, marriage, and divorce and so on. T hough there are often professional negotiators who consider various aspects of situation and leverage benefits for each party. Skilled diplomats, ardent advocate, top salesperson generally conduct organized lobby for conducting negotiations, according to Lewicki (2011) but negotiation has application in everyday lives as well. The scope of this current essay analyses the multi-disciplinary approach of negotiation and skills of a professional negotiator for resolving conflict(Lewicki, 2011). Culture has an important impact in context of negotiating successful contracts and is effective while evaluating contracts in globalized business environment. These various aspects in the process of negotiation will help understand and analyse the concept in a better way. The essay initially adopts the process of negotiation and then highlights the critical skills that are required for a successful negotiator, then establishes the cultural factors that have an integral role in global negotiations . Analysis Globalization and expansion of businesses across national borders and boundaries have impended higher for negotiators to resolve conflicts. While the act of negotiation is not only limited to the area of business contracts broader scope impending higher levels responsibility in resolving conflicts(Bayne, 2011). Traditional approach of conflict had different implications rather than negotiation. Negotiation begins once aggrieved party has been negatively impacted, as conflict is viewed as natural and inevitable when groups work together, it becomes essential to resolve them as well. In organizations conflict is often viewed as a process that is inevitable for groups in order that they can improvise their performances. Prior to negotiations processes, conflict was often characterized negatively which was synonymous to violence and harms. While conflict is a result of inadequate and improper communications, lack of trust and failure of managers to meet aspirations of employees, negotiat ion aims to bridge these gaps. There are a multiple type of strategies that are used in negotiations, it can be distributive strategy or integrative strategy and so on(Brewster, 2011). In distributive bargaining there is a zero sum game and the benefit is shared. Whereas in case of integrative bargaining winning is associated with both the parties, here both the parties need to indulge in the process of bargaining. Negotiation in professional context is a broad laid down process that initiates with the process of preparation and planning. In case of a conflict the goals of both the parties needs to be taken into consideration and then clear indication has to be met such that negotiation can process according to those described and well-defined objectives(Ashmore, 2009). All relevant information regarding the conflict and outcome demanded from the same needs to be assessed and accommodated to arrive at a suitable solution. Clear cut rules for the process of negotiation helps to proceed further and settle disputes in an easier manner. While providing adequate strategy for the problem, parties needs to be provided various alternatives amongst which they may select and reach a point of congruence for themselves. Once a suitable solution is reached then formalized agreement for the negotiated solution is adopted and implemented by constant monitoring. Individuals skills plays a predominant role in n egotiation, factors include moods, emotions, gender, culture, personality and so on. Personality traits of negotiator have an important role in successful distributive bargaining procedure(Dewulf, 2009). In case of professional negotiations often a mediator or a consultant is appointed to arrive at suitable outcomes form the same. Every organization especially in global business needs to have a successful negotiator such that they are able to suitably negotiate contracts. A skilled negotiator is an asset for an organization, who with his interpersonal skills is capable of negotiating critical contracts(Pruitt, 2013). A skilled negotiator needs to possess the following capabilities as problem analysis, active listening, emotional control, capability to communicate effectively, problem solving tactics, decision making capabilities, ethics and reliability and so on. A successful negotiator requires a collection of interpersonal skills along with communication skills to reach a desired result for the same. While the need arises when parties or individuals disagree to a particular contact and negotiation is required such that an agreement can be reached where each parties accept a proposal(Curhan, 2007). An effective negotiator needs to have skills such that he is able to analyze a problem to ascertain interests of each party in the negotiation. A detailed analysis of such demands of parties will help negotiator define goals better and form suitable strategies for outcomes. A skilled negotiator generally calls for a meeting post evaluation of objectives and prior to entering a bargaining situation. Negotiator needs to be an active listener as well as in case of professional contracts or in unprofessional cases(Van Hasselt, 2008). Active listening allows take important points related to the debate which can be useful for negotiations. Active listening includes ability to verbal communications and comprehends ones body language in order to assess actual needs from such negotiations. Active listening allows negotiator to establish areas of compromise and form suitable decisions. Negotiator needs to also possess qualities of emotional control as in case of contentious issues it can lead to frustrations(Van Kleef, 2007). In case a negotiator allows emotions to take control during successful negotiation of contracts then there is a high possibility of an unfavorable result occurring from such negotiations. Emotions can also lead to breaking down of successful negotiation amongst aggrieved parties. A skilled negotiator generally possesses capabilities to communicate effectively in verbal modes. Effective verbal communications allows communicating and convincing the other party in case of negotiation. Clear verbal communications reduced misunderstandings and to put forward desired outcomes or reasoning according to objectives laid down(Ting?Toomey, 2015). Negotiation being a collaborative arrangement requires parties from either side to enter into an arrangement and teamwork. An effective negotiator thus, needs to possess skills that enable team to work together and foster an ambience that is conducive towards negotiations. This allows parties from both sides to reach an agreeable solution to reach an agreement. A negotiator needs to possess effective leadership skills that allow decision making capabilities. A leader is capable of bargaining with both the parties such that a quick end to a compromise can be reached(DuBrin, 2015). A successful negotiator needs to possess interpe rsonal skills which enables him to maintain good working relationship such as to reach an effective negotiation. A patient negotiator has capability to persuade and manipulate a positive ambience such that compromise in case of difficult negotiations can be reached. The most vital and critical requirement of a successful negotiator is ethics and reliability that allows to promote a trustworthy environment suitable for negotiations. A negotiator with promises and agreements adopts suitable arrangements and ends a bargaining and then executes them(Loukaitou-Sideris, 2009). The scope of globalized business and cross-border operations has led to cross-cultural businesses. Culture is a predominant factor that influences the ways individuals think, react, behave and communicate. Cultures have also been found to be profoundly affecting transactions types that people enter into and ways they negotiate. Diversity amongst greatest cultures around world can inflict difficult situations and decision impairments for skilled negotiators. Negotiating executives needs to have a thorough and clear understanding of culture that can enable them to form contracts for suitable negotiations process that can bridge cultures across international businesses(Edwards, 2007). Negotiators in international businesses needs to view the purpose of negotiating contracts, while some view negotiation as a part of business processes for others it might be a way to establish relationships. According to predominance of a particular style of culture, one might select a formal way whereas for other establishing relationships might be the goal in signing of an agreement. A skilled negotiator is one who possesses capabilities to enter into a formal posture for a contract and then can adopt suitable informal ways as the case may demand(Gunia, 2011). Negotiating attitude is another pre-disposition that is accounted for varied cultures. While one culture might view win-win situation as a successful deal making, collaborative endeavor. On the other hand, win-lose situation might be viewed as multiple cultures as confrontational. A negotiator role is to ascertain demands on the basis of culture of the other party such that agreement can be formed accordingly, as in Asian cu ltures there is a predominance of win-win process compared to those of Western cultures(Schneider, 2012). Personal style and attitude of the negotiator also plays an important role in determining negotiation levels of a contract. Informal or formal style followed by a negotiator is greatly influenced by cultures, it includes ways negotiator talks to parties, makes use of titles, dresses, verbal communication that he uses and interactions that the makes. A German negotiator is most likely to use formal methods in negotiation compared to an American negotiator. An informal negotiator is more likely to make use of first names, develop personal relationships and make agreement with an informal note. Formalities has an integral role in any type of negotiations thus, in foreign cultures negotiators needs to make use of proper respect and adopt appropriate formalities to conclude using suitable arrangements.(Huang, 2010) A formal posture in international business is considered safer and mo re suitable compared to an informal one. Communication methods varies across various cultures around the world, while some cultures emphasizes on direct and simple communications, others stresses on indirect and complex ways. In case of indirect communication there are a lot of attributes from non-verbal communication as gestures, facial expressions, figurative speech, circumlocutions and other forms of body languages that are used(McPhee, 2009). A negotiator needs to assess such complex attributes in order to reach at suitable agreements as in American cultures, they make use of directive and definitive assessments. Whereas in case of Japanese cultures, a negotiator needs to interpret speech, signs, gestures, comments and other ways to understand objectives towards an arrangement. Such diverse communication styles can often lead to further conflict and confrontations or disapprovals. In case of international business or arrangements between governments such aspects of communication needs to be considered. Cultural dependen ce on time is also depicts the type of negotiating patterns they follow. In some cultures there is a high dependence on time compared to others. Germans are more punctual and Latins are generally late. While Americans tends to enter into quick decisions, Japanese have a habit of entering into a negotiation process gradually(Horst, 2012). Negotiators needs value and devote time as a separate dimension that each culture devotes towards their goal pursued in negotiating contracts. Emotionalism has an account in negotiating between contracts as cultures have tendency to act according to a particular emotions. Certain cultures have a predominance to reflect their emotions in negotiations while other cultures tend to hide as Japanese and other Asian groups. Negotiators need to learn all attributes of emotions that correspond to a particular culture while dealing with a cross-cultural party. While Latin and Spanishs have highest respect towards emotionalism, Germans and English have least emotion while negotiations(Luthans, 2009). Terms related to negotiation have a role as general or specific contracts are often treated according to cultures differently. Generally, negotiators enters into a written agreement for a transaction, type of encapsulations used in such cases in determinant on its cultures. While Americans have a preference for detailed contracts with written agreement Chinese prefer a shorter agreement. Other factors that influences negotiators while fo rming suitable arrangement are bottom up or top-down approach, team organization of a negotiator and risk taking capabilities of the same(Putnam, 2010). In building of a contract for negotiation, either an inductive or a deductive process is followed. Every culture has their emphasis on various attributes, while some focus on price, delivery date, and other focus on product quality or the sum total of the contract. While Americans have a tendency to specify each terms of the contract, French prefers to begin their contract in general ways and means. Cultures determine the ways and methods in which a contract might be written down. The essence of forming contract between parties involves relationship building between them. Thus, party to the contract needs to look at the circumstances that lead to such negotiations and not look at only the problem that can be solved. Americans generally enters into a deal by way of several trade-offs with a long lists providing all particulars. While French, Argentinians and many more make deals in atop down approach, Japanese, Brazilian and Mexican adopt a deductive method. Culture is another important factor that determines ways decisions are made in negotiations(Lin, 2009). Commitments, trust levels, stress, group value and all other influences ways and means by which negotiations are made. While certain cultures have high predisposition towards consensual arrangements others tend to prefer following leader. Culture is a predominant factor that enables ways that executives negotiate a particular contract and impacts deals on each side of the organization. In some cultures leader is entrusted with responsibilities and supreme authority to decide on a contract, often Americans tends to follow this approach. Asian cultures like those of Chinese and Japanese depend upon team for consensus decision making. Hence, it might take longer periods of time for Chinese or Japanese to negotiate a contract aand shorter periods of time for Americans. Variances amongst cultures in ways they enter decision can impact the quality of negotiation entered into. Further, research indicates while some cultures are more risks averse other is risk-taking in nature. For a risk averting culture, negotiator needs to progress on the deal gradually and prose accordingly. He needs to make sure that the counterpart obtains sufficient information and focuses on building a long-lasting relationship such that a suitable deal can be structured. Differences in form of arrangements is a result of unequal bargaining power amongst parties that can arise form cultural differences. While stronger party to the agreement looks at ways and means to have a detailed contract laid down and weaker party always accepts a more general form of agreement. Thus, from this discussion it can be concluded that culture affects negotiation traits of individuals. Resolving conflicts and reaching an appropriate contract has become solidary aim of businesses that transact globally. While a business might appoint a negotiator merely by his qualification, the actual role of a negotiator arises from his capabilities to successfully conclude contracts. In case of a single country contract or in case of single culture there might be lesser challenges but a negotiator needs to prepare oneself for the course of cross-cultural contracts. Not being limited to course of rules of basic negotiation, cross-cultural negotiations impends higher responsibilities on contracting parties such that it turns into a successful relationship. Negotiation styles have immense variations amongst them; suitable traits and adaptation to culture can help obtain a suitable outcome. The figure above is a representation of all factors and their impact on negotiation in case of varied culture. Thus, along with personality and traits of the negotiator culture has a predominant role to play in successful negotiation to take place(Imai, 2010). In globalized environment for a negotiator to be successful and effective he needs to develop personality traits and skills. Further, accordance to specific culture a negotiator needs to accumulate specific data and facts that can help him arrive at suitable decision and discussions related to the parties and to understand their prerogative and demands from the arrangement. Conclusion The act of negotiation comprises of several steps and stages for diplomats as well as other types of negotiation. While professional might follow steps in resolving conflict and arriving at a suitable solution, amateurs might conduct the same with an easier approach. Skills in negotiation act as an important factor to generate suitable outcomes. A professional negotiator evaluates various alternatives and outcomes prior to suggesting and reaching a goal for the client. Cultural gap might hinder resolving of conflicts as witnessed across various governmental negotiations across countries. In globalized environment, a business or a negotiator should evaluate all possible factors influencing negotiation such that benefits can accrue to both aggrieved parties. The best and most suitable negotiation style starts with capability and ability to be a good listener such that grievances from both sides can be heard. A negotiator needs to also have good communication skills with emotional contr ol along with interpersonal skills and reliability. When one can develop these skills then one is capable of delivering appropriate results in regards to negotiations. Hence, from the analysis of the above essay it can be established that for a successful negotiation to take place, it becomes integral to adopt skills and personal capabilities of a negotiator. In global negotiation process along with such skills and capabilities, an individual needs to develop substantial understanding of the other culture such that he is able to apply negotiating skills and arrive at a suitable contract. Negotiation has an integral role in everyday life and in organizations as well thus, a successful negotiator needs to aim at learning such skills such that he is able to ethically resolve conflicts. The primary goal and aim of negotiation are needed to establish a long-term relationship rather than short term oriented goals. References Ashmore, B. and Grogg, J.E., 2009. The art of the deal.Searcher,17(1), pp.18-25. Brewster, C. and Mayrhofer, W., 2011. Comparative human resource management.International human resource management,3, pp.47-78. Bayne, N. and Woolcock, S. eds., 2011.The new economic diplomacy: decision-making and negotiation in international economic relations. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Curhan, J.R. and Pentland, A., 2007. Thin slices of negotiation: predicting outcomes from conversational dynamics within the first 5 minutes.Journal of Applied Psychology,92(3), p.802 Dewulf, A., Gray, B., Putnam, L., Lewicki, R., Aarts, N., Bouwen, R. and Van Woerkum, C., 2009. Disentangling approaches to framing in conflict and negotiation research: A meta-paradigmatic perspective.Human relations,62(2), pp.155-193. DuBrin, A.J., 2015.Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Edwards, T., Colling, T. and Ferner, A., 2007. Conceptual approaches to the transfer of employment practices in multinational companies: an integrated approach.Human Resource Management Journal,17(3), pp.201-217. Goltsman, M., Hrner, J., Pavlov, G. and Squintani, F., 2009. Mediation, arbitration and negotiation.Journal of Economic Theory,144(4), pp.1397-1420. Gunia, B.C., Brett, J.M., Nandkeolyar, A.K. and Kamdar, D., 2011. Paying a price: culture, trust, and negotiation consequences.Journal of applied psychology,96(4), p.774. Horst, P.R. and Colonel, L., 2012.Cross-cultural negotiations. Biblioscholar. Huang, L., 2010. Cross-cultural communication in business negotiations.International Journal of Economics and Finance,2(2), p.196. Imai, L. and Gelfand, M.J., 2010. The culturally intelligent negotiator: The impact of cultural intelligence (CQ) on negotiation sequences and outcomes.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,112(2), pp.83-98. iveybusinessjournal.com (Retrieved on 2nd March 2017) 'Impact of Culture on Negotiation', https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/negotiating-the-top-ten-ways-that-culture-can-affect-your-negotiation/. McPhee, R.D. and Zaug, P., 2009. The communicative constitution of organizations.Building theories of organization: The constitutive role of communication,10(1-2), p.21. Lewicki, R.J., Saunders, D.M., Minton, J.W., Roy, J. and Lewicki, N., 2011.Essentials of negotiation. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Lin, R., Oshrat, Y. and Kraus, S., 2009, May. Investigating the benefits of automated negotiations in enhancing people's negotiation skills. InProceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems-Volume 1(pp. 345-352). International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems Loukaitou-Sideris, A. and Ehrenfeucht, R., 2009.Sidewalks: Conflict and negotiation over public space. MIT Press. Luthans, F. and Doh, J.P., 2009.International management: Culture, strategy, and behavior. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Pruitt, D.G., 2013.Negotiation behavior. Academic Press. Putnam, L.L., 2010. Communication as changing the negotiation game.Journal of Applied Communication Research,38(4), pp.325-335. Rubin, J.Z. and Brown, B.R., 2013.The social psychology of bargaining and negotiation. Elsevier Schneider, A.K., 2012. Teaching a new negotiation skills paradigm. ?Toomey, S., 2015. Identity negotiation theory.The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication. Van Hasselt, V.B., Romano, S.J. and Vecchi, G.M., 2008. Role playing: Applications in hostage and crisis negotiation skills training.Behavior modification,32(2), pp.248-263. Van Kleef, G.A. (2007) 'Emotion in conflict and negotiation: Introducing the emotions as social information (EASI) model.', In IACM 2007 Meetings Paper.

Brushing and cavities Essay Example

Brushing and cavities Paper 1. Long-term aim – This lesson aims to discuss to the grade 1 students what may happen when they disregarded taking care of their teeth (the effects of tooth decay on overall health). 2. Short-term aim – As a short term goal, this lesson aims to teach the students the proper way to brush their teeth and the reasons why children like them suffer from tooth decay or cavities. Content of the Lesson 1. This lesson will provide information to the students the causes of tooth decay or cavities and will also include some facts on how an improper dental care will affect a person’s health. (see page 5) 2. To help the 1st graders to prevent tooth decay, this lesson will show them the proper way of brushing teeth and also a discussion on other ways or methods to prevent teeth from cavities. (see pages 5 and 6) Concrete Materials and Teaching Aids For this lesson, I will be using a toothbrush, a typodont, and some pictures and illustrations to show how cavities look. Introduction Nowadays, tooth decay or cavities and other dental diseases are present in many areas here in the United States. You can be one of those who carry this disease. Due to lack of education about the causes of cavities and because most of us are not interested on preventing tooth decay, problems on our dental health become widespread and rampant. Also, many of us brush our teeth in an improper way. Fortunately, I am here to discuss to you the reasons why our teeth suffer from cavities and other dental diseases. As an addition, I will show to you the correct way of brushing your teeth. I will also give you some advice on choosing the right toothbrush for you so that your teeth will become healthy and strong. Statement of the Problem We will write a custom essay sample on Brushing and cavities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Brushing and cavities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Brushing and cavities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer How can we prevent our teeth from cavities so that our teeth will all be strong healthy? Presentation of Information 1. To deliver this lesson effectively, I will be teaching them by questioning some of their teeth how they take care of their teeth, explaining them the causes of tooth decay and how to prevent it, and demonstrating the right way to brush our teeth. 2. First, I will be giving my introduction and at the same time I will be showing a series of illustrations showing some cases of tooth decays or cavities and then I will state the problem. Afterwards, ask at least three of them on what they know about cavities. Then, I will be discussing the causes of tooth decay and cavities and how this problem affects a person’s (especially a child’s) health. After discussing this, I will again ask some of them on how (or if) they take care of their teeth. I will also ask them to demonstrate how they brush their teeth. Then afterwards, I will be showing them the correct method of brushing teeth. After this, I will be telling them other ways to prevent cavities like using dental floss and sugarless gums. Then, I will sum up the whole lesson. Afterwards, a sort of quiz will be held and the winners will have prices like toothbrush, sugarless gums, dental floss, and stickers. 3. Questions to be asked to the students: a. What do you children know about cavities? b. How do you brush your teeth and how many times? c. Can you please show me how you brush your teeth? 4. As I am delivering my speech, I am expecting the students to be alertly listening to me. It is also essential to them to ask some questions if they want to clarify something. Also, while I am demonstrating the correct way of brushing teeth, I will be expecting them to try it to themselves (imaginarily). 5. I will provide a blackboard summary so that the material presented will be rehearsed quickly by the learners prior to follow-up activities. Tooth decay or cavities can happen to all of us. To prevent this, just brush your teeth at least two times a day properly. Also, get some time to visit your dentist regularly so that he may assist you on your dental health. Application/ Seat Work/ Follow-up 1. Materials – toothbrush and typodont. As prizes – toothbrush, sugarless gums, dental floss, and stickers. 2. I will be asking some volunteers by and will ask them to repeat what I have demonstrated. If they do it right, I will give them a prize. Cavities Because of tooth decay, cavities occur. It is the destruction of the teeth’s structure. We suffer from tooth decay because we eat foods that contain sugars and carbohydrates. Such foods are bread, cereals, milk, soda, fruits, cakes, and candies that are left between your teeth. Bacteria lives on these tiny food bits between your teeth and together with saliva, they form plaque. The acids coming from the plaque destroys the enamel or the outer layer of the teeth. In effect, holes occur in our teeth and that is what we call cavities. Preventing Cavities 1. Avoid drinking fluids that are high on sugar like sodas and other high-fructose drinks. 2. Instead of eating soft and sugary foods such as chocolates and marshmallows, eat fresh fruits and vegetables. 3. Brush your teeth or rinse your mouth every after meal. 4. Chew sugarless gums instead of sweet candies. 5. Regularly visit your dentist to seek advice regarding your dental health. Proper Way of Brushing Teeth 1. Choose the right toothbrush and toothpaste. Soft-bristled tooth brush is recommended and your toothpaste should have fluoride. 2. Start brushing with, the farthest back teeth in your mouth, your upper molars. 3. Brush teeth in a back and forth motion and a rolling motion near the gum line. 4. Work your toothbrush around all sides of the teeth including the biting surface and the inside and outside areas. 5. Brush all of the back teeth first, making sure to pay attention to all surfaces. 6. Move onto the front teeth and brush in a back and forth motion. Smile broadly to move your lips out of the way. Brush the insides of the teeth as much as the outsides. 7. Take your time. It should take at least 2 minutes to brush your teeth properly. 8. Brush your tongue to remove bacteria and food debris that can also contribute to cavities. 9. Spit out the remaining toothpaste. 10. Avoid rinsing your mouth with water after brushing your teeth to prevent fluoride from being washed off teeth before it has had a chance to work. If you must rinse, use a mouthwash with fluoride instead of water. (source: http://www. ehow. com/how_2209206_brush-prevent-cavities. html)